The Rohtas Fort, a significant historical site and one of South Asia’s largest forts is in need of global promotion to boost heritage tourism. Muhammad Hassan, Director of the Directorate of Archaeology & Tourism Department, Punjab, stressed the importance of introducing this World Heritage site and its impressive military architecture to the international audience.
Rohtas Fort holds historical value as one of South Asia’s largest forts, covering about 175 acres and spanning four kilometers in circumference. Mr. Hassan also highlighted the ongoing preservation and conservation efforts at the fort, which have been ongoing since 2013.
Dr. Mahmood-ul-Hassan, Deputy Director of Archaeology and Museums, Islamabad, provided historical context, explaining that Rohtas Fort, dating back to the 16th century, was built by Sher Shah Suri to protect his empire’s northern borders from both foreign and local threats. Given its location bridging Afghanistan and Central Asia, it required a continuous military presence. In later eras, including the Mughal period, its strategic importance persisted, and even during the British era, it retained military significance.
In 1997, UNESCO recognized the historical significance of Rohtas Fort by listing it as a World Heritage site, initiating conservation and preservation efforts. However, Mahmood noted that UNESCO’s financial assistance was limited, mainly offering guidelines.
Under the 18th Constitutional Amendment, responsibility for Rohtas Fort was transferred to the Punjab government’s tourism, archaeology, and museums department. Improved communication infrastructure has made accessing the fort more convenient. Additionally, an office for conservation engineers and a small museum with Mughal-era swords and other artifacts have been established within the fort.
Rohtas village is currently inhabited by descendants of guards appointed during the Mughal era. To maintain the fort’s grandeur, the growing village population has been kept at a distance from the fort.
Naveed Anjum, manager of Tourism Development Corporation Punjab (TDCP), highlighted that Rohtas Fort is a popular destination for both local and foreign tourists. While most tourists visit on weekends, foreign visitors also explore the fort on weekdays. TDCP, in collaboration with the province’s archaeology and tourism department, is actively promoting this valuable heritage site. Furthermore, guides from the archaeology department are available to provide visitors with detailed information about the site, although Anjum recommended that TDCP guides receive training to enhance their ability to convey the historical background of Rohtas Fort.
In light of the potential for heritage tourism, the promotion and preservation of Rohtas Fort present an opportunity to attract visitors, including foreigners, drawing inspiration from successful practices in China and other countries.